- Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasized that resolving the Ukraine war requires addressing its "root causes," advocating for a global security concept that considers all nations' concerns.
- Xi and Putin reinforced their "friends of steel" partnership, opposing U.S. "dual containment" efforts and positioning themselves as challengers to Western-dominated global order.
- Xi's presence at Russia’s Victory Day parade signaled tacit endorsement of Putin's narrative framing the Ukraine war as a fight against "neo-Nazism."
- The 2022 "no-limits" pact and China's economic backing have strengthened Russia against Western sanctions, though Beijing avoids direct military involvement.
- Both leaders committed to deepening trade and military coordination by 2030, signaling a sustained challenge to U.S. influence and a push for a multipolar world.
For Chinese President Xi Jinping, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine can only be resolved by addressing its "root causes."
The Chinese paramount leader made the remarks Thursday, May 8, during an informal meeting on the second day of his four-day visit to Russia that ended on Saturday, May 10. The trip also saw Xi attend Russia's Victory Day parade on Friday, May 9, in the capital Moscow – which celebrated Russia's triumph against Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in 1945.
"China advocates and adheres to the common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable global security concept for the Ukrainian crisis," the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) said in a joint statement with its Russian counterpart Thursday that quoted Xi. "The reasonable security concerns of all countries should be taken seriously, and the root causes of the crisis should be eliminated."
In turn, Putin praised Beijing's approach to the special military operation in Ukraine and reiterated Moscow's openness to peace talks without preconditions. During talks on Thursday at the Kremlin, both leaders cast themselves as defenders of a new world order no longer dominated by the United States.
The day after Xi made the remarks, he graced Russia's Victory Day parade with Chinese troops participating in the formation. The Chinese leader's presence at the event signaled a symbolic alignment with his Russian counterpart's narrative that Moscow is fighting "neo-Nazism" in Ukraine.
Moscow and Beijing: "Friends of steel"
Xi's Thursday meeting with Putin also emphasized that Moscow and Beijing should be "friends of steel," something the joint statement made mention of. The two leaders pledged to "decisively counter Washington’s course of 'dual containment,'" referencing U.S. efforts to isolate both nations through sanctions and diplomatic pressure. (Related: Moscow, Beijing strengthening ties based on mutual respect.)
Historically, the Sino-Russian partnership has roots in Cold War-era resistance to American hegemony. However, recent years have seen it evolve into a more overt challenge to the Western-led global system.
The 2022 "no-limits" strategic pact, signed weeks before Russia's special military operation against Ukraine, laid the groundwork for this alignment. Since then, Beijing has provided Moscow with critical economic support, helping Russia withstand Western sanctions while stopping short of direct military aid.
The meeting also carried domestic significance for Putin, who has painted Ukraine's government as successors to fascism. By hosting Xi alongside other foreign leaders, Putin sought to project international legitimacy despite Russia’s pariah status in the West. Meanwhile, Xi's attendance bolstered China’s image as a global mediator.
Tthe Xi-Putin alliance presents a formidable counterweight, one that prioritizes multipolarity over Western dominance. With both leaders pledging to oversee expanded trade and military coordination by 2030, the partnership signals a long-term strategy to reshape global power dynamics – one that leaves little room for compromise with Washington. For now, the "friendship of steel" appears unshaken, even as the world edges closer to a new era of great-power confrontation.
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Watch this clip from Sky News Australia about the "shared agenda" between China's Xi Jinping and Russia's Vladimir Putin.
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